OFFICIAL REPORT 



ON 



INSECTICIDES AND 
FUNGICIDES 




Licensed, Inspected and 
Analyzed During the Year 



1915 



THE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE OF OHIO. 
1915. 



OFFICERS 



JOHN BEGG, President, Columbus Grove, O. 
*G. A. STAUFFER, Secretary, Columbus, O. 



MEMBERS 

TERM expires 

T. B. West, Perry, Lake County January 1917 

I. S. Myers, Akron, Summit County January 1917 

Donald R. Acklin, Perrysburg, Wood County ' January 1918 

R. D. Williamson, Xenia, Greene County January 1918 

Dr. J. W. Kirgan, Cincinnati, Hamilton County January 1919 

C. K. Patterson, Piketon, Pike County January 1 919 

C. A. Branson, Cadiz, Harrison County January 1920 

D. D. Snyder, Pataskala, Licking County January 1920 

John Begg, Columbus Grove, Putnam County January 1921 

Newton L. Bunnell, Lebanon, Warren County January 1921 



*Was elected Secretary, March 1st, 1916. 



REPORT 



OF THE 



BUREAU OF ' 

INSECTICIDES AND 
FUNGICIDES 



For the Year 

1915 



BY 

S. K. JOHNSON, Chief 

BUREAU OF INSPECTION 



Columbus, Ohio: 

The F. J. Heer Printing Co. 

1916 

Bound at the State Bindery. 



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D. Of D. 
JAN 30 1917 






. 



IMPORTANT! — READ CAREFULLY. 



On the ground that the fee section (1177-36 of the General Code 
of Ohio) of the Ohio Insecticide and Fungicide Law, if enforced, would 
produce a revenue greater than that necessary to maintain the adminis- 
tration of the Law, the Ohio Courts have- held the same to be unconsti- 
tutional and have enjoined and restrained the Board of Agriculture of 
Ohio (formerly the Agricultural Commission of Ohio) from proceeding 
with the enforcement of payment of fees under the provisions of said 
section for the sale of Insecticides and Fungicides or essential in- 
gredients thereof, or of any other product therein enumerated. All other 
sections of the law are valid and will be administered and enforced. 



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19 15 



ITEMS OF INTEREST. 



Inspection and Analyses of Insecticides and Fungicides. 

S. K. Johnson, Chief. 
Thos. Hunter, R. J. Cummings, A. A. Circle, Deputies. 



Law regulating the manufacture and sale of Insecticides and Fungi- 
cides in Ohio was passed at the 1913 session of the Legislature, and be- 
came effective July 18th of that year. 

Protective measures of this nature have long been needed in Ohio, 
as the Agricultural Interests, the Live Stock Interests and the Horti- 
cultural Interests of the State are enormous. 



Object of the Law. 

The purpose of the Ohio Insecticide and Fungicide Law is to regu- 
late the sale of substances and compounds sold as insecticides and 
fungicides, to prevent their adulteration and to fix a standard of sale 
for such preparations as ARSENATE OF LEAD, LIME SULPHUR 
SOLUTION, PARIS GREEN, BORDEAUX MIXTURE, as well as 
to expose and prevent frauds and to protect manufacturers and dealers 
in the sale of honest goods. 

The Ohio Insecticide Law is just in its infancy, but its utility and 
popularity will go unchallenged when its purposes are firmly established. 



Registration Fee $20.00. 

This amount cannot be prorated under the provisions of the In- 
secticide and Fungicide Law. Goods found on the market at any time 
will require license. All licenses expire each calendar year, December 
31st. 



Inspectors. 

Inspectors are prohibited from recommendng any company's goods. 
Their duties are to collect samples exposed for sale and forward them, 
sealed to the Bureau of Inspection, Columbus. 

5 



6 1915 — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES — I915. 

Dealers Take Warning. 

Law requires License Fee of $20.00 per brand. Unless same is 
paid at its source, then dealer becomes individually liable for fee. 



Ohio Insecticide Law. 

The Ohio Law is modeled after the National Government's Act 
which permit manufacturer when making claims to state percent of 
each Active Ingredient and Total Per Cent of Inert,, or in lieu thereof 
the percent of each Inert Ingredient without mentioning the Active. If 
product is 100% Active not necessary to state ingredients on package. 



Meaning of Inert. 

Any substance or mixture of substances that will not prevent, de- 
stroy, repel or mitigate insects which may infest vegetation, man or 
animals or households or be present in any environment whatever would 
be classed as INERT. 



All Registered Goods Not Analyzed. 

Inspectors were unable to locate samples of all brands licensed 
which account for their analyses not appearing herein. However, list 
of all brands registered are published elsewhere in this Report. 



Adulteration and Misbranding. 

Since the National Government started to enforce the Insecticide 
and Fungicide Law there has been several hundred decisions rendered 
covering adulterations and misbranding of products sold in the United 
States. . 



Misleading Statements. 

The term "CRUDE CARBOLIC ACID" frequently mentioned is 
not definite enough, because the percentage of Phenols vary considerably. 
The same applies to "TAR OILS", for tar oil may include carbolic acid, 
creosote oil, anthracite oil, napthaline oil, heavy oil, etc. 

The term "TOBACCO" is misleading for the principle constituent 
is nicotine. 



1915 INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES IQIS- / 

Insecticides and Fungicides. 

Under the provisions of the Insecticide and Fungicide law it is neces- 
sary to make field or orchard tests of insecticides and Fungicides for the 
purpose of determining whether or not they are misbranded or will do 
what is claimed for them when using according to the instructions given 
by the manufacturer. 

Without these practical tests, chemical analyses alone would be of 
little value. 

An orchard, was leased at Victory, Ohio, in which to test these ma- 
terials. This orchard was generally infested with San Jose scale and, 
as it was desirable to test the different brands of concentrated lime- 
sulfur on the market, as well as other materials sold for the destruction 
of this insect, the orchard was well adapted for our purpose. 



Lafer's Sap Inoculating Insecticide. 

Manufactured by John W. Lafer, of Toledo, Ohio. Product claimed 
to contain Sodium Arsenite 6.40%, Potassium Arsenate 4.78%, Calcium 
Arsenite 1.08%, Calcium Bisulphite 57.85%, Sodium Bisulphite 9.85%. 
Chemist's analysis showed findings of Sulphur 21.90%, Calcium 1.80%, 
Oxide of Arsenite 17.80% and Sodium Oxide 8.20%. 

Analysis in no way corresponds with claimed composition of sample. 
The amount of Lime and Soda is not sufficient to combine with more than 
a very small percentage of the Sulphur, leaving no constituent present to 
be combined with the Oxide of Arsenic. Moreover, most of the Sulphur 
in the sample is actually uncombined, simply present as free sulphur.- 
The free sulphur which is present would have little if any good effect as 
an Insecticide. The large amount of Soluble Arsenic present might be 
effective for some purposes but the sample is not what it claims to be and 
is therefore misleading. Such incorrect labeling of goods cannot be too 
strongly condemned. 



John F. Derror Tree Fluid. 

Sample taken from stock sold by The Derror Improved Tree Fluid 
Company of Mansfield, Ohio. Upon analysis it was found to contain 
Copper 1.09%, Arsenious Oxide 2.54% and Sodium Oxide (Alkali) 
10.19%. Manufacturer when filing claims at the office gave his Inert 
ingredient (Water) as 55.59% with the inference, of course, that the 
balance of 44.41% was Active. Results from the use of this product 
have been far from satisfactory. 

In addition to above findings relative to Derror Tree Fluid it should 
be stated that a test of this material was made in the spring of 191 3 on 



g 1915 — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES — I915. 

badly infested Japan quinces at the State Fair grounds. The fluid was 
diluted as recommended by the manufacturer and was also used ten times 
this strength. No appreciable results were noted as young larvae were 
plentiful on treated shrubs. 

Many inquiries were received concerning "Treevax Scale and Insect 
Exterminator," manufactured at Hicksville, Ohio. Sample of this mate- 
rial was not secured in sufficient time to make an actual orchard test. 
A careful investigation was made of a large number of places where 
this material had been used. The report of the investigator given be- 
low brands this material as absolutely worthless when used for the pur- 
pose recommended by its manufacturers : 

Columbus, Ohio, February 4th, 1915. 

Hon. N. E. Shaw, Chief, Bureau Nursery and Orchard Inspection, Columbus, 
Ohio. 

Dear Sir: — I have just completed an investigation of "Treevax" "Scale 
and Insect Exterminator" manufactured at Hicksville, Ohio. At your suggestion 
I have examined a large number of trees treated with this preparation and have 
interviewed the persons who have given testimonials regarding its merits. 

In the testimonials issued by the Treevax Chemical Company from persons 
who have had trees treated with "Treevax" are positive statements regarding its 
merits as an insecticide and fungicide. When interviewed these same parties 
refused to make positive statements regarding the effects of the treatment. Some 
of them said they thought the trees had been benefited, others stated that they 
believed the treatment had done no good. A druggist in Hicksville who sells 
Treevax and who has used it on his trees says he has very little faith in its 
efficiency. 

I examined quite a number of trees in and around Hicksville that had been 
"treated with Treevax last Spring and Summer (1914) and in every case where 
the treatment was applied to an otherwise healthy tree infested with San Jose 
scale I found live scale (February 1 and 2, 1915). In the case of pear blight the 
diseased portions of the trees had been pruned away at the time of treatment and 
the outward traces of the disease removed. But even where this had been done 
most of the trees showed traces of the disease and there is no conclusive evidence 
to prove that the blight has been permanently checked. 

After .going over the ground in this manner and inquiring into the con- 
ditions under which this remedy was originated I am of the opinion that like 
other similar preparations placed on the market in recent years it is practically 
worthless as an insecticide and fungicide. 

Respectfully submitted, 

H. E. Evans, Deputy Inspector. 

Columbus, Ohio, February 4, 1915. 



19 1 5 — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES — I915. 9 

DISINFECTANTS. 

This term covers three different classes of substances — Deodorants, 
Antiseptics and Germicides. 

Deodorants. 

As their name implies, are intended to remove offensive smells but 
they very often do this only by substituting another. Some of them 
have a feeble oxidizing action and so may be ranked as Antiseptics. 

Antiseptics are, strictly speaking, subs-tances which arrest decay, 
without necessarily killing the live germs themselves. Phenols or Car- 
bolic Acid is a good example of this class, since it coagulates Albumen 
and so paralyzes the germ or destroys its feed ground. 

For Germicides, i. e., for germ killers we depend upon heat in 
shape of fire or of high pressure steam and upon Chlorine and some of 
its compounds. Of these the most valuable is Mercuric Chloride or 
Corrosive Sublimate. It is very poisonous but may be rendered noxious 
by the addition of a little Petrolium Oil with some Laundry Blue as a 
warning 1 color. 



ATTENTION ! ATTENTION ! 

Below are given analyses of fourteen different brands of lime- 
sulphur solution found on Ohio markets in 19 12. Directions for the 
dilution of concentrated lime-sulphur for orchard use are based on a 
solution containing 25 per cent of sulphur which is considered standard 
strength. A glance at this table will show that eight brands are so far 
below standard that they would be practically worthless when used 
according to general recommendations. The majority of these inferior 
brands were manufactured within the State and emphasized the neces- 
sity of an Ohio insecticide and fungicible law. 

RESULTS OF LIME-SUIPHUR DETERMINATIONS. 

Specific Per cent Total Per Cent. 

Sample No. Gravity. Sulphur. of Lime. 

No. 1 ' 1.129 10.56 3.48 

No. 2 :,. 1.287 24.71 9.55. 

No. 3 1.266 23.06 9.16 

No. 4 1.172 13.88 6.31 

No. 5. 1.301 25.29 9.96 

No. 6 1.308 26.56 10.19 

No. 7 1.288 25.16 9.71 

No. 8 1.291 25.23 9.53 

No. 9 1.273 19.27 7.64 

No. 10 1.296 24.81 9.57 

No. 11 1.160 8.16 5.50 

No. 12 1.223 16.73 7.88* 

No. 13 ■ 1.247 20.84 8.49 

No. 14 1.276 23.73 9.47 



IO I915 INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES I9T5. 



MISLEADING STATEMENTS AS TO THE COMPOSITION OF 
INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES. 

By D. J. Demorest, 
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. 

The composition of an article may be stated perfectly truthfully 
and yet be misleading or at least confusing to the non-technical pur- 
chaser. For instance, the constituent of tobacco, which is active as an 
insecticide, is nicotine only. Tobacco may contain anywhere from a 
trace to several per cent of nicotine, depending upon the locality in which 
it is grown and the variety of the tobacco, and the part of the tobacco 
plant. Therefore, the statement that an insecticide contains say fifty 
per cent of tobacco or technically, Nicotiana Tobaccum, does not mean 
anything definite. Therefore, the claim should be made of the per- 
centage of nicotine present and not the percentage of tobacco. 

Again, insecticides sometimes are stated to contain a certain per- 
centage of creosote oil. This is an indefinite statement and does not mean 
much, because the active constituents of creosote oil are the phenols 
which vary widely in different creosote oils. Same thing is true of car- 
bolic oil, which may contain anywhere from perhaps twenty to fifty per- 
cent of phenols, and the same variation in its naphthaline content. For 
instance, one sample which claims to contain fifty percent of carbolic 
oil, actually contains only three and four-tenths percent of phenols. 

The term "crude carbolic acid," is not much more definite because 
the percentage of phenols in crude carbolic acid varies considerably. 
Still more indefinite than any of the above is the term "tar oils", for 
tar oil may include carbolic oil, creosote oil, anthracine oil, naphthaline 
oil, heavy oil, etc. 

Therefore, all these terms should be substituted by statements 
giving the percentage of the actual active constituents present, such as 
phenols, naphthaline, etc. 

The term "phenols" is a generic one, including the compounds 
phenol (C 6 H 5 OH), cresols (C 7 H 7 OH) and similar compounds of higher 
molecular weight. 

'It is obvious that unless the purchaser has some way of knowing 
the actual amount of the active constituents in the material he uses, he 
may use for a given purpose the material which is either too strong or 
too weak to accomplish his wish. 

The Term Insecticide. 

The term Insecticide includes any substance or mixture of sub- 
stances intended to prevent, destroy, repel or mitigate insects which may 



1915 — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES- — 1915. II 

infest vegetation, man or animal, or household, or be present in any 
environment whatever. 

This was interpreted or modified by the Agricultural Commis- 
sion as exempting from registration all drugs, chemicals, etc., recognized 
by the United States Pharmacopea, National Formulary or their recog- 
nized standards, as well as all preparations extemporaneously prepared 
or compounded for customers for use and not for re-sale; all prepara- 
tions for which no claims are made for Insecticidal or Fungicidal prop- 
erties and preparations upon which license has already been paid by 
manufacturer. 



THE OBJECTS, NEEDS AND ADVANTAGES OF AN INSEC- 
TICIDE LAW TO THE MANUFACTURER. 

By M. S. Dennis, Cleveland, Ohio. 

The objects, needs and advantages of the Ohio Insecticide and 
Fungicide Law to the manufacturers of Spray Products do not materially 
differ in most cases to the objects, needs and advantages of such a law 
to the fruit grower. 

Every manufacturer of spray products, whose goods are used in 
the State of Ohio, as well as every progressive fruit grower in Ohio 
should be in favor of the Ohio Insecticide and Fungicide Law. It is 
patterned after and follows closely the provisions of the Federal Insecti- 
cide Act of 1910. Both of these laws are for the purpose of regulating 
the manufacture and sale of Insecticides and Fungicides. 

The Federal Law applies to Insecticides and Fungicides manu- 
factured in one State and shipped into another State, but does not apply 
to spray products that are not shipped outside of the State in which they 
are manufactured. 

Thus the Ohio Law supplements the Federal Law in that it applies 
to Insecticides and Fungicides manufactured in the State of Ohio and 
shipped to points within the State, as well as to Spray Products shipped 
from another State into the State. 

The benefits of the Ohio Insecticide and Fungicide Law to the fruit 
grower was to standardize the strength and purity of Spray Products 
furnished by the manufacturers. 

The working of the Law compels the manufacturer to furnish high 
grade Insecticides and Fungicides to the consumer. 

The Insecticide Act of 19 10 has done much to standardize Spray 
Products and its beneficial results will be increasingly apparent as the 
years go by. 

The Ohio Insecticide and Fungicide Law will do for Ohio what the 
Federal Insecticide Act has done and will do for interstate shipping. 



12 1915 — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES — 1915- 

The enforcement of the Federal and State Laws will, to a large extent, 
do away with unsatisfactory results from spraying by new beginners, 
due to using inferior products. 

The enforcement of this law will mean an increase in the produ- 
tion of high grade fruit and improvement in the fruit growing industry 
in Ohio. 

The close co-operation now existing between the progressive fruit 
growers and the authorities in the U. S. Department of Agriculture with 
the authorities in our State Experiment Stations, which insures greater 
protection through the working of the law, will undoubtedly cause better 
results to growers of fruit. 



INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES: SECRET FORMULAS 
VERSUS PROPERLY LABELED PREPARATIONS. 

By E. E. Somermeier, 
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. 

The famous showman, P. T. Barnum, said that the American peo- 
ple liked to be humbugged, and catering to the curiosity and imagination 
of the masses, he acquired both fame and riches. 

To say that secret preparations are necessarily humbugs is to ex- 
aggerate the truth, but as a general proposition, it is a fact that the 
extensve sale of secret preparations is to a large degree dependent upon 
the ignorance, thoughtlessness and credulity of the purchasers. 

Facts Regarding Secret Formulas. 

Some facts regarding secret formulas are as follows : 

(1) They enable the manufacturers to make all kinds of extrava- 
gant claims regarding the properties and virtues of their preparations, 
such as they would not dare make if the preparations were sold under 
their true labels. There is a limit to the properties and virtues of com- 
mon salt, sulfur, copper sulfate, lead arsenate, etc., etc., if sold under 
their true names ; but as a part of a secret preparation their properties 
ancl virtues are oftentimes only limited by the imagination of the manu- 
facturer and his ability to use the English language. 

(2) Secret formulas, make it possible to sell comparatively worth- 
less material at a price equal to or often greater than the value of 
worthy preparations which are sold under their true names. 

(3) Secret formulas, where the preparations have real merit, 
afford an opportunity of selling the material at an exorbitant price ; not 
infrequently preparations selling for a dollar a package can be bought 



1915 — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES I915. 13 

if sold under their true names, at one tenth the price charged for the 
secret formula. 

(4) Secret formulas prevent the purchaser from using the general 
information available regarding the insecticidal and fungicidal properties 
of the material purchased, and has the effect, in so far as the purchaser 
is concerned of rendering practically worthless any and all of the infor- 
mation regarding insecticides and fungicides. For to obtain this infor- 
mation the United States Department of Agriculture and the different 
state Experiment stations annually expend thousands of dollars, and 
publish scores of bulletins for free distributions to such plant and tree 
growers as are progressive enough to make use of them. 

(5) The claims of any particular manufacturer, as to the great 
superiority of his secret preparation over any and all other preparations 
is largely "hot air", for a competent chemist can determine the approxi- 
mate composition of any preparation on the market, and any manufac- 
turer can closely duplicate the product of another manufacturer, and the 
sale of a preparation under some particular trade name, does not prevent 
another manufacturer from selling the identical material under some 
other name, or from selling it under its true name at a greatly reduced 
price. 

Hesitate Buying Preparations of Unknown Nature. 

The above facts would appear sufficient to cause any thoughtful 
person to hesitate before paying out money for preparations of an un- 
known nature; a knowledge of which he is dependent upon the claims as 
set forth by the manufacturer or the selling agent, as their claims are, 
it is needless to say, liable to be biased or unreliable, so the thoughtful 
person will hesitate before paying an exorbitant price for a preparation 
simply because it bears a handsome label and does not offer to come out 
and stand the price competition of the chemicals or materials under their 
true names. 

Plant and Fruit Growers Should Demand Honest Goods. 

Every progressive plant and fruit grower ought to demand honest 
goods at a fair price, and plainly labeled, and should be active in support 
of the efforts of the Board of Agriculture to force the manufacturers 
to keep the quality of their products up to claims shown on labels, which 
claims should be both complete and intelligible. Every purchaser of an 
insecticide or fungicide preparation should demand goods of known com- 
position, and so help to discourage the sale of preparations sold under 
such indefinite formulas as active ingredients 80%, inert ingredients 
20%, which formula should not satisfy the intelligence of any self re- 
specting American citizen. 



14 1915 — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES I915. 



FRUIT GROWERS' SPRAY CALENDAR. 

By N. E. Shaw, Chief Inspector, 
Division of Nursery and Orchard Inspection. 

The time has passed when first-class fruit of any kind can be pro- 
duced without controlling the different insects and diseases affecting 
them. Pruning, cultivation, mulching, fertilizing and other cultural 
methods are of little avail unless systematic spraying is also practiced. 

This bulletin is not intended to contain a complete method of treat- 
ment for all pests with which the fruit grower is forced to contend. Only 
those are mentioned which are at present common in Ohio, and which 
are seriously affecting fruit trees, small fruit plants, vines and their 
products. 

Many insects and diseases are subject to weather conditions and 
other factors which may increase their numbers and activities, and in 
certain seasons may be difficult to control. At siich times the total num- 
ber of applications for any particular pest, as given in the calendar, may 
need to be applied. In normal seasons it is often possible to omit some 
of these treatments. 

Some of the insects and diseases mentioned are as yet but local in 
their distribution and do not occur in all sections of the State.. 

The correct time for applying solutions cannot accurately be given. 
Allowance must be made for differences in weather conditions, also for 
the fact that there is a difference of about three weeks in the seasons 
between southern and northern Ohio. Where specific dates are given 
they apply to the central portion of the State. 

The fruit grower should bear in mind that there are two classes of 
pests with which he is forced to contend, viz. : insects and diseases. They 
are factors of an entirely different nature, and usually require different 
solutions for their control. It is often possible to combine an insecticide 
and fungicide and spray for the control of an insect and a disease at 
one application. A careful study of the calendar will show that advan- 
tage can be taken of this arrangement in spraying for a number of pests. 

In controlling such insects as San Jose scale, plant lice and all other 
insects which have sucking mouth parts, the application must be made 
directly to the insect as the solution kills by contact. 

For insects with biting mouth parts, such as the codling worm, 
canker worm, slugs, etc., the solution must be applied to the surface of 
the leaves and fruit, or in such a manner that the poison will be taken 
up by the insect in feeding. 

In controlling fungous diseases, application must be made promptly 
and at or before the time of the germination of the spores producing the 



1915 — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES IQI5- IS 

disease. Very few fungous diseases can be destroyed after the mycelium 
has entered the tissues of the plant. 

It is necessary for the fruit grower to become familiar with the 
habits, life history and development of the different insects and diseases 
in order that he can deal with them intelligently and adapt to his own 
locality and conditions the necessary modifications to the general pro- 
gram herein given. With this knowledge, spraying can often be supple- 
mented and aided by other methods, and advantage should be taken of 
these conditions whenever it is possible to do so. 

Spraying should be practiced regularly as an insurance, and trees, 
plants or vines should never be omitted because they- do not show pros- 
pects of fruit. By keeping a healthy, vigorous foilage, better fruit bud 
development will be secured for the crop of the succeeding year. Spray 
every year and spray thoroughly. 

The kind of a spraying outfit to Use will depend upon the size and 
number of trees or plants to be treated. For family orchards a hand 
pump mounted upon a barrel should be sufficient. The working parts 
of the pump should be of brass; there should be a good air-chamber, 
in order that good pressure can be maintained with as little effort as 
possible; not less than twenty-five feet' of good hose should be used, and 
a bamboo rod of eight or ten feet in length. Avoid cheap, inferior pumps. 
Efficient work cannot be done with them. For treatment, on a small 
scale, of plants, vines and few small trees, a good knapsack outfit may 
be sufficient. Commercial orchadists and vineyardists will necessarilv 
need to depend upon some form of power outfit for the proper treat- 
ment of their trees or vines. 

(A list of manufacturers of spraying machinery will be mailed on 
request.) 

Treatment Calendar. 

APPLE. 

In preparation for spraying apple trees, they should first be prop- 
erly pruned. Trees which have grown too tall should be reduced in 
height by cutting back topmost branches to lateral ones. Lateral limbs 
which extend out too far should also be shortened. Do not strip limbs 
of the small branches, leaving but a broom arrangement at the end. 
Too many fruit spurs are thus destroyed. All old bark should be scraped 
from the trunk and main limbs, as it offers a favorable hiding place for 
certain insects. 



l6 I915 — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES — 1915. 

San Jose Scale Lime-sulphur wash I, or commercial solution* 

during the dormant period. Late fall or early 
spring best. Cover every portion of tree. 

Oyster-shell Scale | Lime-sulphur wash just before the leaves ap- 

Scurfy Scale t pear, or kerosene emulsion when young lice be- 
gin to appear, about first week in June. Cover 
every portion of tree. 

Bud Moth Arsenate of lead in Bordeaux I, or in lime- 
sulphur as buds are opening. 

Canker Worm Arsenate of lead as soon as worms appear. If 

necessary repeat in three or four days. 

Codling Moth Arsenate of lead in Bordeaux I, or in lime- 
sulphur first, as soon as blossoms fall, direct 
poison into blossom end of apple ; second, about 
ten days later ; third, for second brood, from 
10th to last of July. 

Apple Curculio Arsenate of lead in Bordeaux I, or in lime- 
sulphur before blossoms open; second, just 
after blossoms have fallen. 

Scab Bordeaux J, or lime-sulphur just before blos- 
soms open ; second, as soon as blossoms fall ; 
third, about ten days later. Cover tree thor- 
oughly. 

Sooty Fungus Bordeaux I, or lime-sulphur after blossoms fall, 

then at ten-day intervals. 

Bitter Rot Bordeaux I about forty days after blossoms 

fall ; second, ten days later ; third, ten days 
later. 

Apple Blotch Same as bitter rot. 

Frogeye Fungus Same as bitter rot. 

Aphis Lime-sulphur wash in early spring. Kerosene 

emulsion on appearance of aphids. Apply di- 
rectly to aphids. 

CHERRY. 

Cherry trees need but little pruning. Enough limbs should be re- 
moved to admit free access to air and sunlight, as favorable conditions 
for the development of fungous diseases are thereby lessened. 



* When the concentrated lime-sulphur solution is used, either as a dormant 
spray or as a substitute for Bordeaux mixture, hydrometer test should be made 
and the solution diluted according to table herein given. 



1915 — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES I915. 17 

Leaf Spot Bordeaux II or Lime-sulphur II when leaves 

are unfolding; second, two weeks later; third, 
after crop has been gathered. 

Curculio Arsenate of lead in Bordeaux I, or lime-sulphur 

before blossoming; second, arsenate of lead in 
Bordeaux II, or lime-sulphur II after blossoms 
have fallen ; third, same solution one week later. 

Rot Bordeaux I, or lime-sulphur before blossom- 
ing; second, Bordeaux II, or lime-sulphur when 
fruit has set; third, Bordeaux II, or lime- 
sulphur II, two weeks later. 

Aphis Kerosene emulsion or tobacco solution as soon 

as aphids appear. 

Cherry Slug Arsenate of lead in Bordeaux II, or lime-sul- 
phur II, as soon as slugs appear. 

Powdery Mildew Bordeaux II, or lime-sulphur II as soon as fol- 
iage has developed. 

CURRANT. 

Prune out and burn all old and dead wood each year. Wilted 
canes, showing presence of stalk borer, should be cut out and burned 
as soon as detected. 

San Jose , Scale Lime-sulphur wash I, or commercial solution 

before leaves appear. Cover entire surface of 
plant. 

Leaf Spot — Mildew Bordeaux I, as leaves begin to appear ; then 

every two weeks until midsummer. 

Imported Currant Worm White hellebore, or arsenate of lead in Bor- 
deaux when worms first appear. 

Four Lined Plant Bug Kerosene emulsion middle of May, or on ap- 
pearance of nymphs ; second, early in June. 

GOOSEBERRY. 

Leaf Spot Bordeaux I as leaves are unfolding; then 

everj' two weeks until midsummer. 

Mildew Bordeaux I before leaves appear ; second, after 

blossoming; third, ammoniacal copper carbo- 
nate two weeks later. 

Currant Worm See under Currants. 



lS 1915 — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES I915. 



GRAPES. 

Admit air and sunlight by judicious pruning. This practice is 
very necessary in order to capably control grape diseases; more ef- 
fective spraying can also be done for grape berry moth. Cultivation in 
early summer destroys many of the pupae of the root worm. 

Anthracnose Bordeaux I before buds break ; second, before 

blossoming; third, after fruit has set. 

Mildew Bordeaux I just before blossoming ; second, 

just after fruit has set. 

Black Rot , . . . . Bordeaux I as soon as first leaves have ex- 
panded; second, just after fruit has set; re- 
peat every two weeks until fruit is nearly 
grown, then use ammoniacal copper carbonate 
every ten days if necessary. 

Grape Slug Arsenate of lead in Bordeaux I as soon as 

worms appear, or dust with lime. 

Berry Moth Arsenate of lead in Bordeaux I before blos- 
soming; second, when fruit is about % inch in 
diameter ; third, about 1st to 15th of July. Use 
good pressure. 

Root Worm Arsenate of lead latter part of June. 

Leaf Hopper Kerosene emulsion to underside of leaves about 

1st of July. 

Grape Flea-beetle Arsenate of lead as buds are swelling ; second, 

about two weeks later. 



PEACH. 

Prune peach rather severely. If affected by fruit bark beetles, 
cut back to stubs and stimulate growth by liberal application of barn- 
yard manure or commercial fertilizer, or both. Dig out peach bores 
early in spring with knife, or kill them in burrows with a stiff wire. 
Collect and burn all mummied fruits. Grub out and burn all trees af- 
fected with "yellow" or "little peach" as soon as detected. 

San Jose Scale Lime-sulphur wash I in late fall or just before 

fruit buds open. 

Leaf Curl Lime-sulphur wash I or Bordeaux I in March 

* just before fruit buds start to swell. 



I9I5 INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES I915. Icj 

Brown Rot ' Lime-sulphur wash I or Bordeaux I as buds are 

swelling; second, Lime-sulphur II just after 
fruit has set ; third, two weeks later ; fourth, 
when fruit is nearly grown. 

Scab Bordeaux I or Lime-sulphur I as buds are 

swelling ; second, Lime-sulphur II or Bordeaux 
II just after calyx drops; third, same two 
weeks later. 



PEAR. 

Treatment for the pear is similar to that for the apple. Twigs and 
limbs affected by blight should be pruned out and burned as soon as 
detected. 

San Jose' Scale Early winter or late spring, while trees are 

dormant. 

Bud Moth Arsenate of lead as leaf buds are opening. 

Canker Worm Same as for apple. 

Codling Worm Same as for apple. 

Slug Arsenate of lead or slaked lime when slugs 

appear. 

Scab Bordeaux I just before blossoming ; second, 

after blossoms drop. 

Leaf Blight Same as for scab. 

PLUM. 

Careful pruning should be given the plum. Conditions favorable 
for development of rot are lessened by allowing air and sunlight free 
access. Thinning of the fruit is often an advantage. Prune out and 
burn black knot whenever detected. Jar trees in early morning and catch 
dislodged curculio in sheets spread under the trees ; then destroy 
them in kerosene. Collect and burn mummied plums during winter. For 
fruit bark beetles use same method as for peach. 

San Jose Scale Same as for apple, peach, etc. 

Curculio Arsenate of lead in Bordeaux I or line-sulphur, 

as buds are swelling ; second, arsenate of lead 
in Bordeaux II or lime-sulphur, just after 
petals fall ; third, ten days later. 

Aphis Kerosene emulsion or tobacco solution when 

apbids appear. 



20 I9I5 — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES I915- 

Plum Pockets . Bordeaux I as buds as swelling. 

Rot Bordeaux I as buds are swelling ; second, Bor- 
deaux II or Lime-sulphur II, after petals fall ; 
third, same about three weeks later. Use cop- 
per carbonate after fruit begins to color. 

Shot Hole Fungus Bordeau II, or Lime-sulphur II as foliage is 

developing; second, same three weeks later. 

QUINCE. 
San Jose Scale Same as for apple. 

Curculio Same as for plum. 

Blight Same as for pear. 

Leaf Spot Bordeaux I as buds are swelling ; second, after 

petals fall; others at intervals of two weeks. 

RASPBERRY, BLACKBERRY, DEWBERRY. 

Cut out and burn before spring all old canes and all canes seriously 
affected by anthracnose ; also canes with leaves affected by orange rust. 

Saw-fly Arsenate of lead or hellebore when leaves are 

half grown. 

Anthracnose Bordeaux I before leaves appear ; second, Bor- 
deaux II or Lime-sulphur II when young canes 
are about six inches high ; third, one week later. 

Leaf Spot Bordeaux I, when foliage is about half grown, 

then every two weeks if necessary. 

STRAWBERRY. 

To escape injury by white grub, never plant on land that has been 
in sod. 

Root Louse Burn over infected beds in November and 

March. Dip affected plants in tobacco decoc- 
tion before planting. 

Leaf Spot Bordeaux I when growth begins in spring, be- 
fore flowers open. 



1915 — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES — I915. 21 

Fungicides. 

BORDEAUX MIXTURE I. 

Copper sulfate (blue vitrol or blue stone), 3 pounds. 
Stone lime, 4 pounds. 
Water, 50 gallons. 

(If hydrated lime is preferred use 6 pounds.) 

Prepare a stock solution of copper sulfate by dissolving the copper 
sulfate in water, using one gallon of water for every pound to be 
dissolved. 

Place the copper sulfate in a burlap sack and suspend in a barrel or 
wooden vessel of water to the depth of a few inches, until dissolved. 
(Do not place entire amount under water.) Place in the spray tank 
one gallon of this stock solution to every pound of copper sulfate to be 
used and fill tank about half full of water. Prepare the required amount 
lime to be used for each spray tank full by slaking the lime and adding 
water until a milk of lime is produced. Strain this into the copper sulfate 
solution, keeping the mixture stirred thoroughly. Add water to fill the 
tank and apply. 

BORDEAUX MIXTURE II. 

Copper sulfate, 2 pounds. 
Stone lime, 2 pounds. 

(If hydrated lime is preferred use 3 pounds.) 
Water, 50 gallons. 

To be used instead of Bordeaux I on peach, plum, cherry and other 
plants with tender foliage. 

SELF-BOILED LIME, OF LIME-SULPHUR WASH II. 

Stone lime, 8 pounds. 
Flowers of sulfur, 8 pounds. 
Water, 50 gallons. 

Place the lime in a barrel and pour on enough water (about two 
gallons) to start it slaking. Then add the sulfur and about two gal- 
lons more of water. Stir thoroughly and do not let the mixture cake 
on the bottom of the barrel. As soon as the slaking of the lime is over, 
dilute to 50 gallons of water and strain through a sieve of 20 meshes to 
the inch, working all of the sulfur through the strainer. 

(This mixture will not destroy San Jose Scale. Use Lime-sulfur I, 
or commercial solution for this purpose.) 



22 1915 — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES- — I915. 

AMMONIACAL SOLUTION OF COPPER CARBONATE. 

Copper carbonate, 5 ounces. 
Ammonia, about 3 pints. 
Water, 50 gallons. 

(Use only enough ammonia to dissolve copper carbonate.) - 
Add a little water to copper carbonate until a paste is produced. 
Dilute ammonia with about five gallons water, then add paste to this 
solution and stir until it is dissolved. Add water to make 50 gallons, 
and after all sediment has settled pour off clear blue liquid. 

(To be used instead of Bordeaux after fruit has begun to color.) 

COPPER SULFATE SOLUTION. 

Copper sulfate, 4 pounds. 
Water, 50 gallons. 

Dissolve sulfate for Bordeaux mixture. (Use only before foliage 
appears.) 

Insecticides. 

LIME-SULPHUR WASH I. 

Sulfur, 15 pounds. 

Lime, 20 pounds. 

Water, 50 gallons. . 

Place the lime in about 10 gallons of hot water in an iron kettle, 
then gradually stir in the sulfur. Boil thoroughly for one hour, keeping 
the mixture well stirred, adding more water if necessary to keep from 
sticking. Strain, dilute with water to make 50 gallons and apply. 

(This mixture corrodes brass and copper and a pump with brass 
fittings should be cleaned by running clear water through it after each 
day's spraying. Never boil the wash in a copper kettle.) 

HOME-MADE CONCENTRATED LIME SULPHUR SOLUTION. 

Lump lime, 50 pounds. 
Sulfur, 100 pounds. 
Water, 50 gallons. 

Use best grade of lump lime obtainable. Should test 90 per cent 
calcium oxide, and be free from impurities. 

Heat to boiling in cooking vessel about fifteen gallons of water 
then gradually place in it the fifty pounds of lime. As the lime be- 
gins to slake add the 100 pounds of sulphur. After the slaking of the 
lime has ceased, add enough water to make the full amount required 
by the formula. If fire is used additional water will need to be added 
to keep the mixture to the required amount. If steam is used this will 
not be necessary. The mixture should be kept at the boiling point for 



i9*5 



INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES 



I9!5- 



23 



practically one hour or until all the lime and sulfur are dissolved. Con- 
stant stirring - will be necessary. A measuring stick graduated accord- 
ing to the capacity of the vessel used will aid in keeping the volume 
of solution up to the required amount. When additions of water are 
necessary, hot water should be used. 

Place in an air tight barrel when cool, and use as needed. A 
hydrometer reading should be made of the prepared solution and dilu- 
tions made according to table. 



, COMMERCIAL LIME SULFUR SOLUTION. 

This solution can be obtained on the market and is ready to apply 
when properly diluted with water. A hydrometer reading should be 
made before using. 32 Degrees Baume is considered as standard and 
commercial brands should give this reading. (This test is of no value 
if salt or any other substance, which will raise the specific gravity, has 
been added to the solution.) 

Dilute according to table herein given. 

TABLE I. 
Dilutions for Dormant and Summer spraying with Lime-Sulfur mixtures. 
(From Bulletin No. 330 New York Agricultural Experiment Station.) 



Reading of hydrometer. 



Number of gallons of 

water to one gallon of 

sulfur solution. 



Degrees of Baume. 



For 

San Jose 

scale. 



For 

summer 

spraying 

of apples. 



35 
34 
33 
32 
31 
30 
29 
28 
27 
26 
25 
24 
23 
22 
21 
20 
19 
18 
17 
16 
15 
14 




45 

43.25 

41.50 

40 

37.75 

36.25 

34.25 

32.75 

31 

29.50 

27.75 

26 

24.25 

22.75 

21.25 

19.75 

18.25 

17 

16 

15 

14 

12.75 



24 1915 — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES I915'. 

WHITE HELLEBORE. 

Hellebore, 1 ounce. 
Water, 3 gallons. 

Hellebore loses its strength on being exposed to the air. To be used 
on plants whose product is nearly ready for market. Care should be 
used in procuring a fresh supply. 

PARIS GREEN. 

Paris green, 1 pound. 
Stone lime, 3 pounds. 
Water, 100-150 gallons. 

When Paris green is used with Bordeaux mixture, additional lime 
is unnecessary. 

ARSENATE OF LEAD. 

Arsenate of lead 2-5 pounds. 
Water to make 50 gallons. 
(Same amounts when used with Bordeaux or dilute Lime-sulfur.) 

Place the amount of lead to be used in a pail or churn, add a small 
amount of water and stir thoroughly until it will pass readily through 
the strainer. into the spray tank} 

When used with lime-sulfur solution as a Summer spray, it is best 
to place arsenate of lead in spray tank after the other materials. 

KEROSENE EMULSION. 

Laundry or whale oil soap, y 2 pound. 
Water, one gallon. 
Kerosene, two gallons. 

Dissolve the soap in the gallon of water. When boiling hot remove 
from the fire and add the full amount of kerosene. Stir the mixture 
violently, or better, drive it through a force pump back into the vessel 
until it becomes a creamy mass that will not separate. This makes the 
stock solution. For soft bodied insects such as plant lice, the young lice 
of scale insects, etc., use one part emulsion to 15 parts water. For hard 
bodied insects such as chinch bugs, use one part emulsion to eight or ten 
parts water. 

This solution must be applied directly to the insect as it kills by 
contact. 

Care must be taken to keep this solution well agitated when using. 

TOBACCO DECOCTION. 

Boil two pounds of tobacco stems in one gallon of water, then dilute 
to the color of strong coffee. 

This solution is not as effective as Kerosene emulsion but is safer 
to use on tender foliage. 

A number of products of tobacco can be obtained on the market, 



19*5 



INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES 



I9I5- 



25 



TABULATED ANALYSES OF INSECTICIDES AND 
FUNGICIDES. 

Samples gathered during 1915. 

All analyses made at Laboratory of Ohio State Board of Health, Columbus, O. 

Samples retested and results confirmed. 



Lime-Sulphur Solution. 



u 

V 

E 
3 

■a 

u 



Name and Address of Person, Firm or Cor- 
poration and Name of Brand. 


Claimed and 
Found. 


ID 

Ph 

3^; 

•go 

m 


ID 

3 

a) 

n 

<D 

<d 

So 

<D 

P 


•a 

'x . 

« 
u 


u 

E 

3 
& 

-a 


id 
« 


23 


DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, THE, 
MIDLAND, MICH. 


1915 

Claimed 
Found 

1915 

Claimed 

Found 

1915 

Claimed 

Found 

1915 

Claimed 
Found 


25.00 
25.12 

25.00 
21.92 

25.00 
25.12 

24.00 
25.70 


33.00 
32.50 

33.00 
32.30 

33.00 
32.00 

31.00 
31.00 


9.50 
12.74 

11.56 

9.12 

9.00 
11.02 




?1 


GRASSELLI CHEMICAL CO., THE, 
CLEVELAND, OHIO. 


23 


18 


OWENS & SON CO., JOHN D., 
OWENS, OHIO. 


21 


22 


TOLEDO REX SPRAY CO., THE, 
TOLEDO, OHIO. 


18 






22 



Other Sulphur Compounds. 



u 










U 


1) 






u 


u 


X: 


E 




XI 

c 


Oh 


Oi 


E 


^ 


Name and Address of Person, Firm or Corporation 




1 


I 


^ 


•a 


and Name of Brand. 


■*■§ 


3 • 


6* 


-a 


O 




p 3 

C 


X. C 


3 C 


fe 






rtfa 


•qo 


"So 


v 


<£ 







w 


C/"; 


*• 




NIAGARA SPRAYER CO., MIDDLEPORT, N. Y. 


1915 








12 




Claimed 


58.00 


40.00 








Found 


57.88 





12 



26 



19*5 



INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES 



I9I5- 



Arsenate of Lead — Paste. 







1 


Arsenic Oxide. 


Lead 
Oxide. 


Water. 




E 

3 

2 


Claimed 
Name and Address of Person, Firm or and 
Corporation and Name of Brand. Found. 


Total 


Water 
Sol- 
uble. 


u 

E 

3 


-d 


V 

V 

(4 


Peri 
Cent. 


Per' 
Cent. 


Per 

Cent. 


Per 
Cent. 


U 
O 
O 


9 


DOW CHEMICAL CO., THE, 
MIDLAND, MICH. 


1915 

Claimed 

Found 

1915 

Claimed 
Found 

1915 

Claimed 

Found 


15.00 
16.07 

13.50 
13.79 

12.50 
12.85 


| 

0.75 ss.no 


50.00 




1 
13 


GRASSELLI CHEMICAL CO., THE, 
CLEVELAND, OHIO. 

Grasselli Arsenate of Lead Paste 

NIAGARA SPRAYER CO., 
MIDDLEPORT, N. Y. 

Niagara Brand Arsenate of Lead Paste 


0.23 

0.50 
0.49 

0.75 
0-.26 


32.90 

34 .CO 
37.30 

31.50 

37. CO 


47.80 

50.00 
44.80 

50.00 
45.20 


9 

1 
13 



Arsenate of Lead — Powdered. 









Arsenic 


Oxide. 








u 

<v 

E 
3 
5 


Name and Address of Person, Firm or 
Corporation and Name of Brand. 


Claimed 

and 
Found. 


Total 


Water 
Sol- 
uble. 


Lead 
Oxide. 


Water. 


u 

JO 

E 

3 


1- 




Pen 
Cent. 


Per 
Cent. 


Per 
Cent. 


Per 
Cent. 


*d 




6 


CORONA CHEMICAL CO., 
MILWAUKEE, WIS. 

Corona Dry Powdered Arsenate of Lead 


1915 

Claimed 
Found 


30.00 
31.95 


0.75 
0.61 


63.00 
64.06 




6 




GRASSELLI CHEMICAL CO., THE, 
CLEVELAND, OHIO. 

Grasselli Arsenate of Lead Powdered 


1915 

Claimed 
Found 


27.00 
27.30 


1.00 
0.51 


65.00 
67.30 




2 



i9 J 5 



INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES 



I9I5- 



27 



Other Arsenate Compounds. 



a 



Name and Address of Person, 

Firm or Corporation and 

Name of Brand. 


Claimed and 
Found. 


Total Arsenious 
Oxide — Per 
Cent. 


1 

.5 a 

U 




<D 1) 

< | 
wo -g 
OOU 


'S ^ 

a; oj 
£Pm 
<l. 

"SOU 
C/3 


Ph 

1 

u 


1- 

<L» jj 

"O C 

-^ u 


£ 

T3 

u 



OJ 
Pi 


19 


I X L POISON FLY PAPER CO., 
BOSTON, MASS. 


1915 

Claimed 
Found 

1915 

Claimed 
Found 






4.90 
4.63 












KELLY ISLAND LIME & 

TRANSPORT CO., THE, 

CLEVELAND, OHIO. 












19 


16 


0.57 
1.29 




0.30 
0.18 












36.66 








16 













Bordeaux Mixture — Paste. 



u 








1 




Z 


XI 








-a 




•a 


U 


Name and Address of Person, Firm or Cor- 


c 


a, 


' Oc - 




y 


poration and Name^of Brand. 


^■O 


u jj 


EU 




-c 






P c 


« c 




^ c 








.5 3 


a v 


k 


t< CD 




tf 




n! O 


U 


u 


»u 


(S 




GRASSELLI CHEMICAL CO., THE, 














CLEVELAND, OHIO. 


1915 










in 


Grasselli Bordeaux Mixture Paste 




4.50 












Found 


4.86 


9.38 


57.00 


10 



Paris Green. 





Name and Address of Person, Firm or Cor- 
poration and Name of Brand. 


Claimed 

and 
Found. 


Copper 


Arsenious 
Oxide. 




s 
1 

-a 
(4 


Total. 


Water 
Sol- 
uble. 


<u 

E 

52; 


Per • 

Cent. 


Per 

Cent. 


Per 
Cent. 





14 


LAVENBURG, FRED L., NEW YORK, N. Y. 


1915 

Claimed 
Found 




50.00 
50.59 


3.50 
2.67 








14 



28 



1915 — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES — 1915. 



Rat Paste. 



Name and Address of Person, Firm or Corporation 
and Name of Brand. 



RICHARDS EXTERMINATOR WORKS, J. H., 
CINCINNATI, OHIO. 



J. H. Richards' Exterminator. 



E 3 
.5 o 
cafe 

O 



1915 

Claimed 

Found 



1.25 
1.25 






2*° 



98.75 



« 



Phenol Preparations. 



Name and Address of Person, Firm or 
Corporation and Name of Brand. 



BRITISH-AMERICAN CO., THE, 
CINCINNATI, OHIO. 



<u C 

.5 o 

u 



Bishopric's Fly and Germ Killer. 



CARPENTER-MORTON CO., 
BOSTON, MASS. 



Cow-Ease 



1915 

Claimed 



Found 



1915 

Claimed 
Found 



iu 

u 

•a u 



(Crude Carbolic Acid 31%, 
Mineral Oil 69%) 
7.35 



CHAMBERLAIN CO., THE, 
PITTSBURGH, PA. 

7 I Walcote Manor "Mikado" Roach Powder. 



HYGENO DISINFECTANT CO., THE, 
CLEVELAND, OHIO. 



Hygeno A 



SHOO FLY MANUFACTURING CO., 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

Shoo Fly "The Animal's Friend" 



(100% Active) 

(Oil mixture of cresol and 

phenol products) 



1915 

Claimed | (Oil of camphor, cresol, car- 
bolic acid and petro- 
leum spirits) 
Found 1 6.74 



1915 

Claimed 
Found 



1915 

Claimed 
Found 



1.00 

trace 



18.10 
20.50 



51.50 
47.30 



1 g l C ) — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES 1915. 



29 



G 
'S 

-§■ 
§ 

e 
o 

o 
a 



c 

(0 



usqum^ pjoos-a 



u 



£ 

o 

O rz 
Z J 

o « 



8 

c 



1 

E 

•a 


JC 

y 



03 



-ipajSuj ;-taui 

— Mjesxqdeig 
put inds.^jei 



•}U33 

J3J— Bmp^q E s 

put ands>[JB"j 



•}U33 -WJ— 

apunoy; umipog 



■4U33 J3J 
-3pXt[3piBai.I0j[ 



*£?£ 



-00- 



1-1 J 



J3J— 3Ui;0DIJs[ 



•;u33 
J3.J— .mqdins 



•;u33 

J3.J— J3}?A\ 



o cc 



00 



Offl OOi 



.5 c 

n'n 



•punoj 
put psmiBjo 



2-5 § 
.2 o 



2-= 3 l§ 

.2 5 JSo 



3*2 



pq 






o 

UJ 

J 


u 

J 
< 

§ 

o 

SJ 

H 

« 
O 

z 
< 



o 

Q 
z 

< 

UJ 

> 

-J 
o 

ui 

x 

H 



O 

O B 

1 o 

5 S 



•jsqum^ pjoosy; 



■s-s 



— a! 
J5 >v- 






5>.E 5 
~.2§ 



ft* 

o 

UJ 

z 
d 

ffl 

>«* 
z 

< 

P. 

s 

o 
u 

H 

H 

< 

0- 



3<3 1915 — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES I915. 

LICENSED, BUT NOT ANALYZED. 
List of Insecticides and Fungicides Properly Licensed. 

And offered for Sale in Ohio during 1915, but Samples of Which were not found 

by the Board of Agriculture or its Deputies on the Markets, Hence 

They Have not been Analyzed, and their Findings do not 

Appear in this Report. 

BRITISH-AMERICAN CO., THE, CINCINNATI, OHIO. 

Sunlight Sheep Dip. 

HEYDEN CHEMICAL WORKS, THE, NEW YORK, N. Y. 

Formaldehyde. 

LAVANBURG, FRED L., NEW YORK, N. Y. 

Star Brand Arsenate of Lead. 

NATIONAL ANELINE & CHEMICAL CO., BUFFALO, N. Y. 

Buffalo Sanitary Fluid. 

NIAGARA SPRAYER CO., MIDDLEPORT, N. Y. 

Niagara Brand Arsenate Lead Powder. 

PAYNE & SON, D. W., PORT CLINTON, OHIO. 

Kilogrub. 

TOLEDO REX SPRAY COMPANY, THE, TOLEDO, OHIO. 

Rex Arsenate of Lead. 
Rex Bordeau Mixture. 

THOMSEN CHEMICAL COMPANY, BALTIMORE, MD. 

Orchard Brand Lime-Sulphur Solution. 
Orchard Brand Arsenate of Lead. 
Orchard Brand Atomic Sulphur. 
Orchard Brand Bordeaux Mixture. 



1915 — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES- — I915. 31 

INDEX TO MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS. 
With List of Brands Licensed for the Year Ending December 31, 1915. 

BRITISH-AMERICAN CO., THE, CINCINNATI, OHIO. page 

No. — . Sunlight Sheep Dip 30 

No. 20. Bishopric's Fly and Germ Killer 28 

I 
CARPENTER-MORTON COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS. 

No. 5. Cow-Ease 28 

CHAMBERLIN COMPANY, THE, PITTSBURGH, PA. 

No. 7. Walcote Manor "Mikado" Roach Powder 28 

CORONA CHEMICAL COMPANY, MILWAUKEE, WIS. 

No. 6. Corona Dry Powdered Arsenate of Lead 26 

DANFORTH CHEMICAL COMPANY, LEOMINSTER, MASS. 

No. 8. Bug Death 29 

DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, THE, MIDLAND, MICH. 

No. 23. Dow Lime-Sulphur Solution 25 

No. 9. Dow Arsenate of Lead 20 

GRASSELLI CHEMICAL CO., THE, CLEVELAND, OHIO. 

No. 1. Grasselli Arsenate of Lead Paste 2(3 

No. 2. Grasselli Arsenate of Lead Powdered 20 

No. 10. Grasselli Bordeaux Mixture Paste 27 

No. 21. Grasselli Lime-Sulphur Solution , 25 

No. 3. Grasselli Brand Sulphate of Nicotine 29 

No. 11. Grasselli Brand Free Nicotine 29 

HEYDEN CHEMICAL WORKS, THE, NEW YORK, N. Y. 

No. — . Formaldehyde "0 

HYGENO DISINFECTANT CO., CLEVELAND, OHIO. 

No. 15. Hygeno A 28 

I. X. L. POISON FLY PAPER CO., BOSTON, MASS. 

No." 19. I. X. L. Poison Fly Paper 2T 

KELLEY ISLAND. LIME & TRANSPORT CO., THE, CLEVELAND, 
OHIO. 

No. 16. Pierce's Bug Killer 27 

LAVANBURG, FRED L., NEW YORK, N. Y. 

No. 14. Star Brand Paris Green 27 

No. — . Star Brand Arsenate of Lead 30 



J2 I915 INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES IC)I5- 

NATIONAL ANILINE & CHEMICAL CO., BUFFALO, N. Y. page 

No. — . Buffalo Sanitary Fluid 30 

NIAGARA SPRAYER CO., MIDDLEPORT, N. Y. 

No. 12. Niagara Soluble Sulphur Compound 25 

No. 13. Niagara Brand Arsenate of Lead Paste 26 

No. — . Niagara Brand Arsenate of Lead Powdered 30 

OWENS & SON CO., JOHN D., OWENS, OHIO. 

No. 18. Clover Leaf Lime-Sulphur Solution 25 

PAYNE & SON, W. D., PORT CLINTON, OHIO. 

No. — . Kilogrub 30 

PRATT COMPANY, B. G., NEW YORK, N. Y. 

No. 24. "Scalecide" 29 

RICHARDS EXTERMINATOR WORKS, J. H., CINCINNATI, OHIO. 

No. 17. J. H. Richards' Exterminator 28 

SHOO FLY MANUFACTURING CO., PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

No. 4. Shoo Fly "The Animal's Friend" 28 

TOLEDO REX SPRAY CO., THE, TOLEDO, OHIO. 

No. 22. Rex Lime and Sulphur Solution 25 

No. — . Rex Arsenate of Lead 30 

No. — . Rex Bordeaux Mixture 30 

THOMSEN CHEMICAL CO., BALTIMORE, MD. 

No. — . Orchard Brand Lime-Sulphur Solution 30 

No. — . Orchard Brand Arsenate of Lead 30 

No. — . Orchard Brand Atomic Sulphur 30 

No. — . Orchard Brand Bordeaux Mixture 30 



1915 INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES I915. 33 

OHIO INSECTICIDE AND FUNGICIDE LAW. 
To Regulate the Manufacture and Sale of Insecticides and Fungicides 



Section i. Each person, firm or corporation who manufactures, 
sells or offers for sale, in this state, arsenate of lead, Paris green, lime- 
sulphides, miscible combinations of mineral or vegetable oils, Bordeaux 
mixture or any insecticide or fungicide or essential ingredient thereof 
used for the control of insects or fungus diseases within the state, shall 
affix to each package in a conspicuous place on the outside thereof, a 
plainly printed or written certificate which shall state, in the case of 
solids, the number of net pounds, or in the case of paste arsenate of 
lead the number of net pounds on a fifty per centum water basis, or 
in the case of liquids, the number of gallons contained therein, the name, 
brand or trade mark under which it is sold, or offered for sale, the 
name of the manufacturer and the place or places of manufacturing 
same. The certificate shall state also the percentages and chemical 
compositions of all essential substances or ingredients of said insecti- 
cides and fungicides or combinations of the same contained in said 
commodities, and in the case of lime-sulphur solutions the certificate 
on each package shall state the degree baume and the per centum of 
sulphur. The certificate on each package shall be considered as con- 
stituting a guarantee to the purchaser of the contents therein. 

Section 2. Before selling or offering for sale arsenate of lead, 
Paris green, lime-sulphides, miscible combinations of mineral or veg- 
etable oils, Bordeaux mixture or any insecticide or fungicide or essential 
ingredient thereof used for the control of insects or fungus diseases 
within the state, each person, firm or corporation shall file with the 
Board of Agriculture of Ohio certified copies of the certificate re- 
quired in the preceding section. 

Section 3. The term insecticide as used in this act shall include 
any substance or mixture of substances intended to be used for pre- 
venting, destroying, repelling or mitigating any insects which may infest 
vegetation, man or animals, or households, or be present in any environ- 
ment whatever. The term fungicide as used in this act shall include 
any substance or mixture of substances intended to be used for pre- 
venting, destroying, repelling or mitigating any and all fungi that may 
infest vegetation or be present in any environment whatsoever. 

Section 4. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corpora- 
tion to manufacture, sell or offer for sale in the state any arsenate of 
lead, Paris green, lime-sulphide, miscible combinations of mineral or 
vegetable oils, Bordeaux mixture, or any insecticide or fungicide or 
essential ingredient thereof used for the control of insects and fungus 



34 1 9 1 S — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES — I915. 

diseases within the state, which is adulterated or misbranded within the 
meaning of this act. 

Section 5. For the purpose of this act an article shall be deemed 
to be adulterated — 

In the case of paste arsenate of lead : First, if it contains more 
than fifty per centum of water ; second, if it contains total arsenic 
equivalent to less than twelve and one-half per centum of arsenic oxid; 
third, if it contains arsenic in water-soluble forms equivalent to more 
than seventy-five one hundredths per centum of arsenic and arsenious 
oxids; fourth, if any substances have been mixed and packed with it 
so as to reduce, lower or injuriously affect its quality or strength: Pro- 
vided, however, that extra water may be added to arsenate of lead 
(as described in this paragraph) if the resulting mixture is labeled 
arsenate of lead and water, the percentage of extra water being plainly 
and correctly stated on the label. 

In the case of powdered arsenate of lead : First, if it contains total 
arsenic equivalent to less than twenty-five per centum of arsenic oxide ; 
second, if it contains arsenic in water soluble forms equivalent to more 
than one and one-half per centum of arsenic and arsenious oxids; third, 
if any substances have been mixed and packed with it so as to reduce, 
lower or injuriously affect its quality or strength. 

In the case of Paris green: First, if it does not contain at least 
fifty per centum of arsenious oxid ; second, if it contains arsenic in 
water-soluble forms equivalent to more than three and one-half per 
centum of arsenious oxid: third, if any substance has been mixed and 
packed with it so as to reduce or lower or injuriously affect its quality 
or strength. 

In the case of insecticides or fungicides, other than Paris green 
and lead arsenates : First, if its strength or purity fall below the pro- 
fessed standard or quality under which it is sold; second, if any sub- 
stance has been substituted wholly or in part for the article; third, if 
any valuable constituent of the article has been wholly or in part ab- 
stracted.; fourth, if it is intended for use on vegetation and shall con- 
tain any substance or substances which, although preventing, destroy- 
ing, repelling, or mitigating insects, shall be. injurious to such vegetation 
when used. 

Section 6. The term misbranded as used herein shall apply to 
arsenate or lead, Paris green, lime-sulphides, miscible combinations of 
mineral or vegetable oils, Bordeaux mixture or any other insecticide or 
fungicide or essential ingredient thereof used for the control of insects 
or fungus diseases or any other purpose within the state, the package 
or label of which shall bear any statement, design, or device regarding 
such article or the ingredients or substances contained therein which 
shall be false or misleading in any particular or which package shall 



■ 1915 — INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES I915. 35 

be falsely branded as to the state, territory or country, in which it is 
manufactured or produced. 

For the purpose of this act an article shall be deemed to be mis- 
branded : In the case of insecticides, arsenate of lead, Paris green and 
fungicides ; First, if it be an imitation, or offered for sale under the 
name of another article; second, .if it be labeled or branded so as to 
deceive or mislead the purchaser, or if the contents of the package as 
originally put up shall have been removed in whole or in part and other 
contents shall have been placed in such package ; third, if in package 
form, and the .contents are stated in terms of weight or measure, they 
are not plainly and correctly stated on the outside of the package. 

In the case of insecticides (other than Paris green and arsenate of 
lead) and fungicides: First, if it contains arsenic in any of its com- 
binations or in the elemental form and the total amount of arsenic 
present (expressed as per centum of metallic arsenic) is not stated on 
the label; second, if it contains arsenic in any of its combinations or in 
the elemental form and the amount of arsenic in water-soluble forms 
(expressed as per centum of metallic arsenic) is not stated on the label; 
third, if it consists partially or completely of an inert substance or sub- 
stances which do not prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate insects or 
fungi and does not have the names and percentage amounts of each 
and every one of such inert ingredients plainly and correctly stated on 
the label : Provided, however, that in lieu of naming and stating the 
percentage amount of each and every inert ingredient, the producer 
may, at his discretion, state plainly upon the label the correct names 
and percentage amounts of each and every ingredient of the insecticides 
or fungicides having insecticidal or fungicidal properties, and make no 
mention of the inert ingredients, except in so far as to state the total 
percentage of inert ingredients present. 

Section 7. It shall be unlawful for any dealer, agent, distributor 
or other person, who sells or disposes of any arsenate pf lead, Paris 
green, lime-sulphides, miscible combinations of mineral or vegetable 
oils, Bordeaux mixture or any insecticide or fungicide or essential in- 
gredient thereof used for the control of insects or fungus diseases within 
the state to adulterate, dilute, alter or change these materials in any 
way from the form as received in the original package. 

Section 8. Before selling arsenate of lead, Paris green, lime- 
sulphides, miscible combinations of mineral or vegetable oils, Bordeaux 
mixture or any insecticide or fungicide or essential ingredients thereof 
used for the control of insects or fungus diseases within the state, each 
person, firm or corporation who manufactures any of the aforementioned 
commodities shall each year pay to the Board of Agriculture of Ohio 
a license fee of twenty dollars with each certificate filed. Upon applica- 
tion and payment of such fee said board shall issue a license for the 
current year. All licenses shall expire on the 31st day of December of 



36 1915 INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES I915. . 

each year. The payment of such license fee by a person, firm or cor- 
poration shall exempt an agent thereof from the requirements of this 
section. 

Section 9. Each year the Board of Agriculture of Ohio shall 
cause to have taken samples of the different brands of arsenate of lead, 
Paris green, lime-sulphides, miscible combinations of mineral and veg- 
etable oils, Bordeaux mixture or any insecticide or fungcide or essential 
ingredient thereof used for control of insects or fungus diseases within 
the state and the same shall be analyzed under the direction of the Board 
of Agriculture of Ohio. The expenses incurred thereof shall be paid 
by them from a fund arising from the payment of license fees required 
in the preceding section. 

- Section 10. For the purpose of analyses and comparison with the 
certificate deposited with it, and with the certificate on such package, 
the Board of Agriculture of Ohio, or a person appointed by it, may 
purchase in the open market of the state, any unbroken original package 
of any insecticide or fungicide, and may take samples from bulk goods 
of these materials in the possession of a dealer, consumer or transporta- 
tion company within the state. Not less than one pound and not ex- 
ceeding two pounds of solids, and not less than one pint or more than 
two quarts of liquids shall be taken from bulk goods. 

Section it. The Board of Agriculture of Ohio and such assist- 
ants, agents, experts and chemists, as it may duly authorize for the pur- 
pose, shall have the power to enter any car, warehouse, building, or any 
premises in the state where arsenate of lead, Paris green, lime-sulphides, 
miscible combinations of mineral and vegetable oils, Bordeaux mixture, 
or any insecticide or fungicide or essential ingredient thereof are kept, 
and open any package or vessel containing or supposed to contain said 
commodities and take therefrom samples for analysis upon tendering the 
value of said samples. 

Section* 12. Whoever sells, within this state, any arsenate of lead, 
Paris green, lime sulphides, miscible combinations of mineral and veg- 
etable oils, Bordeaux mixture or any insecticide or fungicide or essential 
ingredient thereof used for the control of insects or fungus diseases- 
within the stae without complying with the provisions of this chapter, 
or permits an analysis to be attached to any package thereof stating 
that it contains a larger percentage of any constituent thereof than it 
does in fact contain shall be fined not less than fifty dollars nor more 
than two hundred dollars for the first offense and for any subsequent 
offense not less than two hundred dollars nor more than five hundred 
dollars. 

In all prosecutions under this act, a justice of the peace, police 
judge or mayor shall have final jurisdiction as in cases of violation of 
laws relating to the adulterations of food and drink and dairy products. 



1915 INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES I915. 37 

Section 13. The attorney-general or any prosecuting attorney shall 
prosecute all violations of this chapter. 

Section 14. The Board of Agriculture of Ohio shall make an 
annual report of and may publish from time to time, analyses made of 
samples taken as provided ill section 6, and the analyses guaranteed by 
the manufacturers. Such report shall contain a statement of monies 
received and expended from license fees collected for the sale of insecti- 
cides and fungicides. Any unexpended balance shall be credited to the 
agricultural fund. 



STOP! LOOK! LISTEN! 

A $20.00 License Fee must be paid for each brand of Insecticide 

or Fungicide sold or offered for sale in Ohio. 

When filling' in application for license, state percentages of each 
Active Ingredient and total percent of Inert; or in lieu thereof the 
percentage of each Inert Ingredient without mentioning the Active. 
If product is 100% active, not necessary to state Ingredients. 





LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




000 914 860 7 • 



